Wes Anderson (Western New England University)
Philosophers such as Glymour and French, and Okasha aim to causally conceptualize group, neighborhood, multi-level, or kin selection, and thereby reconceptualize the inferential practices regarding this research area. Their applications of causal modeling tools to such cases essentially rely on the causal modeler's standard toolkit. But the use of the standard toolkit here can lead to problems. I, therefore, claim that given causal conceptualizations, if we desire to make use of them in inferential practice then we need new graphical representations and re-characterizations of d-separation.
