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Folk Racial Classification and Pursuit of Medical Knowledge

Session Information

The goal of this symposium will be to explore whether any folk racial classification is appropriate to use in medical research from the viewpoint of reliable knowledge acquisition and potential ethical implications. A basic assumption of this symposium is that given the epistemic and ethically value-laden aims of medicine, it's inappropriate to decouple the epistemic and ethical aspects of this question. A special focus will be paid to two topics: whether any folk racial classification is a reliable proxy for medically relevant human genetic diversity, and whether using folk racial classification in medical research will cause more harm than good. There will be four presenters: Michael Hardimon, Shelbi Meissner, Quayshawn Spencer, and Sean Valles, each of whom will address the symposium question in a unique way since Hardimon is a philosopher of race, Valles is a philosopher of medicine, Spencer is a philosopher of biology, and Meissner is a feminist epistemologist. The insights gained from this symposium will be valuable to philosophers of medicine and biology as well as medical scientists.

03 Nov 2018 03:45 PM - 05:45 PM(America/Los_Angeles)
Venue : Issaquah B (Third Floor)
20181103T1545 20181103T1745 America/Los_Angeles Folk Racial Classification and Pursuit of Medical Knowledge

The goal of this symposium will be to explore whether any folk racial classification is appropriate to use in medical research from the viewpoint of reliable knowledge acquisition and potential ethical implications. A basic assumption of this symposium is that given the epistemic and ethically value-laden aims of medicine, it's inappropriate to decouple the epistemic and ethical aspects of this question. A special focus will be paid to two topics: whether any folk racial classification is a reliable proxy for medically relevant human genetic diversity, and whether using folk racial classification in medical research will cause more harm than good. There will be four presenters: Michael Hardimon, Shelbi Meissner, Quayshawn Spencer, and Sean Valles, each of whom will address the symposium question in a unique way since Hardimon is a philosopher of race, Valles is a philosopher of medicine, Spencer is a philosopher of biology, and Meissner is a feminist epistemologist. The insights gained from this symposium will be valuable to philosophers of medicine and biology as well as medical scientists.

Issaquah B (Third Floor) PSA2018: The 26th Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association office@philsci.org

Presentations

Does Folk Racial Classification Have a Place in the Pursuit of Medical Knowledge?

Philosophy of Science 03:45 PM - 04:15 PM (America/Los_Angeles) 2018/11/03 22:45:00 UTC - 2018/11/03 23:15:00 UTC
Michael Hardimon (University of California, San Diego)
Recent philosophers have argued that the folk concept race can be placed on an empirically and conceptually sound footing. Where does this leave folk racial classification — i.e., classification into particular races (black, white, Asian) from the standpoint of medical knowledge? I will argue that the legitimacy of the folk concept of race does not entail that folk racial classification provides reliable markers of medically relevant alleles but that the use of such classification remains indispensable nonetheless for the purpose of tracking the health effects of racism.
Presenters
MH
Michael Hardimon
University Of California, San Diego

Complications in Tracking Folk Racial Categories in Public Health Research: American Indian Identities

Philosophy of Science 04:15 PM - 04:45 PM (America/Los_Angeles) 2018/11/03 23:15:00 UTC - 2018/11/03 23:45:00 UTC
Shelbi Meissner (Michigan State University)
In public health research, tracking folk racial categories is a double-edged tool. Tracking racial categories is dangerous because it reifies biological race essentialism, but ignoring racial categories risks ignoring phenomena in which marginalized communities are sicker and need improved resources. The conversation among philosophers of medicine regarding the issue of tracking racial categories primarily concerns Black/white health inequities. I problematize this binary conversation by considering the complicated facets of identity in American Indian communities. This paper addresses the potential harms of tracking the folk race "American Indian" in public health research, including the undermining of tribal sovereignty and Indigenous epistemologies.
Presenters Co-Authors
SM
Shelbi Nahwilet Meissner
Michigan State University

Race Concepts Are a Cause of, and Solution to, the Health Effects of Racism

Philosophy of Science 04:45 PM - 05:15 PM (America/Los_Angeles) 2018/11/03 23:45:00 UTC - 2018/11/04 00:15:00 UTC
Sean Valles (Michigan State University)
I argue that race concepts can, and must, be used in biomedicine, but that each use must contribute to ameliorating racism. I apply two population health science concepts to help clarify how and why it is important to explicitly address race and racism in biomedicine. 1) The explanation of racial health disparities' via so-called "causes of incidence" combined with pragmatic theory of explanation. 2) The structure of racism as a cause of ill health, via Fundamental Cause Theory. I illustrate the argument with the case of the drug BiDil.
Presenters
SV
Sean Valles
Michigan State University

Defending Burchard's Hypothesis

Philosophy of Science 05:15 PM - 05:45 PM (America/Los_Angeles) 2018/11/04 00:15:00 UTC - 2018/11/04 00:45:00 UTC
Quayshawn Spencer (University of Pennsylvania)
In the early 2000s, Esteban Burchard and his colleagues advanced a hypothesis in medical genetics that has since become controversial among medical scientists, philosophers of medicine and biology, and race scholars. The hypothesis, which I'll call Burchard's hypothesis, is that the most inclusive racial division used on the 2000 US census questionnaire (American Indians, Asians, Blacks, Pacific Islanders, and Whites) is a reliable proxy for human genetic diversity when studying, diagnosing, and treating human genetic disorders (Burchard et al. 2003). In this paper, I will argue that Burchard's hypothesis is partially correct, specifically, with respect to studying human genetic disorders.
Presenters
QS
Quayshawn Spencer
University Of Pennsylvania
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